If you’ve been looking around for information on unit testing and want to know a bit more, or possibly see an example of how to put it into practice, you’re in the right place. By the end of this blog post, you should be able to: Look over parts of your code where you'd like to add unit tests. Understand how to break your code into smaller functions. Determine what to test. Start creating your tests. We'll also cover rudimentary mocking, which is the practice of writing pretend calls to test your code against predictable values. This blog post uses Python, but these concepts will transfer to other languages as unit testing is the same. Why Do Unit Tests Matter? I'm sure you've heard this before. Unit tests matter because they make sure your code works well in...
It’s never been easier or faster for companies using the cloud to deploy infrastructure on AWS. That’s the good news. The not-so-good news? You can’t move fast without compromising security, compliance, and control. Well, you can’t unless you automate your cloud infrastructure policies, including compliance and security. Hold that thought for a moment. Here are four common hurdles nearly every organization using the cloud encounters: Inconsistent enforcement of regulatory compliance policies (PCI, HIPAA, NIST 800-53) Uneven use of internal governance policies Uncontrolled shadow IT, ad hoc automation, and tooling sprawl Increased demand for cloud expertise Viewed from a higher level, companies using the cloud need to see all resources running across environments, accounts,...
This post was written by Mike Lin.Welcome to a guide to the basics of mocking in Python. It was born out of my need to test some code that used a lot of network services and my experience with GoMock, which showed me how powerful mocking can be when done correctly (thanks, Tyler). I'll begin with a philosophical discussion about mocking because good mocking requires a different mindset than good development. Development is about making things, while mocking is about faking things. This may seem obvious, but the "faking it" aspect of mocking tests runs deep, and understanding this completely changes how one looks at testing. After that, we'll look into the mocking tools that Python provides, and then we'll finish up with a full example. Learn more about testing code for python security...
No matter how you built your cloud—no matter what tools or services you’ve used to provision an application’s infrastructure—you can migrate existing workloads to Fugue easily and securely with no downtime. At AWS re:Invent this week, November 27 - December 1, test out Fugue’s automated infrastructure governance with our team at booth 1600 or explore Fugue’s new migration and enhanced compliance capabilities at www.fugue.co/migrate. By migrating to Fugue, enterprises, agencies, and DevSecOps teams in any organization centralize their control and visibility of systems running in the cloud, while accelerating secure deployments and updates. Human error—typical with scaled, enterprise infrastructure and costly in dollars and consumer trust—is drastically reduced since Fugue highlights...
One of the most difficult things to understand about the cloud is the shape and extent of your overall application in it, whether you’re manually building your app’s infrastructure using the AWS Console or CLI, or scripting it using CloudFormation or another provisioning tool. Solutions architects, developers, and systems administrators make countless diagrams for customers and internal teams trying to provide a consumable, accurate view of what’s running or what a team would like to deploy. We’ve all learned the hard way that doing this manually is both error prone and quickly out of date. Fugue’s Composer, part of the original vision of Fugue, maps your application’s cloud infrastructure with automated, interactive diagrams that show your whole system in real time and the...
Twenty minutes or two weeks to spin up your new applications and new product features? Automated care and feeding of infrastructure that requires minimal human intervention or bespoke care and feeding that requires continual attention? The choice seems pretty obvious. Back in 2006, Jeff Bezos was building Amazon Web Services (AWS) to solve a core problem for businesses: undifferentiated heavy lifting. Getting great ideas and applications to market fast is key in holding a competitive edge. If you transform parts of the IT pipeline that require a lot of time, effort, and money—the same parts that every business has to contend with—into fast, easy-to-use, efficient parts, you win. Or, at least, you’re a few laps ahead. Bezos, with foresight to grow AWS into what’s now the largest cloud...
Fugue now supports the Amazon Web Services (AWS) GovCloud region, which means federal agencies, like enterprises, can automate operations in the cloud fast, while simultaneously meeting regulatory demands. Fugue deployments start with powerful, but easy-to-understand code declarations in a composition that governs a system’s infrastructure. By including select libraries in that composition with simple import statements, a particular agency’s compliance regime gets integrated from the start. This kind of fully realized policy-as-code provides a scalable protocol for agency cloud ops and increases speed to mission. The Power Behind Policy-as-Code The power behind policy-as-code lies in validations. Fugue ships with some common validations, but also enables agencies and businesses to...
This article was first published in DZone's Cloud Zone on April 3, 2017. The repercussions of recent cloud outages—AWS’s S3 crash and Azure’s Active Directory cascading failure—linger in IT departments and manifest in revenue loss. But, the bigger story is that the next outage is around the corner—unpredictable, coming to get us on a random Tuesday. Whether businesses are using cloud providers, on-premise data centers, or hybrid setups to host web services and backends, infrastructure failures are a fact of life and have to be on our radars as a matter of routine. This makes architecting for failure and for the future, from the start, among the most pressing imperatives for business IT departments. The next five years will see the rise and democratization of centralized control...
Fugue uses Python extensively throughout our cloud security SaaS product and in our support tools, due to its ease-of-use, python security, extensive package library, and powerful language tools. One thing we've learned from building complex software for the cloud is that a language is only as good as its debugging and profiling tools. Logic errors, CPU spikes, and memory leaks are inevitable, but a good debugger, CPU profiler, and memory profiler can make finding these errors significantly easier and faster, letting our developers get back to creating Fugue’s dynamic cloud orchestration and enforcement system. Let’s look at a case in point. In the fall, our metrics reported that a Python component of Fugue called the reflector was experiencing random restarts and instability after a...
For Fugue, providing documentation is about more than just creating a high-level reference for information. Our documentation content ranges from examples of creating complex infrastructure with Fugue to walkthroughs of integration with a number of popular devops tools in use today, which is what we’re here to talk to you about. So… why did we build this particular example? In short, we picked an integration with CircleCI as one of our examples because it is a great way to automate the build, test, and deployment processes. It provides integration with some of the most popular source code management systems like Github and Bitbucket, and is used by leading edge companies including Facebook, Kickstarter, and Spotify. Continuous integration (CI) speeds up development and release...
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